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Study guides and exam strategy for CFA® and FRM® candidates.
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CFA Level I: Your Last 4 Weeks Before the November 2026 Exam
A week-by-week plan for the final month before the November 2026 CFA Level I window: mocks, an error log, which topics to fix first and exam-day checks.
6 min readRead the guide →The Option Greeks: Five Numbers That Tell You Where Your Risk Is
Delta, gamma, vega, theta and rho explained with one worked option: what each Greek measures, how they combine, and the mistakes that cost exam marks.
7 min readExplainersValue at Risk: What It Tells You, and What It Doesn’t
What value at risk really says, three ways to calculate it, the square-root-of-time rule, backtesting and expected shortfall, with worked numbers.
7 min readExplainersDuration and Convexity: Why Some Bonds Fall Much Further Than Others
Why a 30-year bond loses far more than a 2-year one when rates rise: duration, convexity and DV01 explained with worked numbers for CFA and FRM candidates.
6 min readExplainersForwards vs Futures: Same Promise, Very Different Contracts
Both lock in a price today for a trade later. How forwards and futures differ, how daily margin works with numbers, and what the CFA and FRM exams test.
8 min readExplainersInterest Rate Swaps Explained: What They Are, How They Work and Why Firms Use Them
What an interest rate swap is, what actually changes hands, a worked example with numbers, why companies and banks use swaps, and how they show up on the CFA and FRM exams.
7 min readExam StrategyFRM Part I: The Final Month Before the November 2026 Exam
How to use the last month before FRM Part I (14 to 20 November 2026): topic weights, a four-week plan and worked VaR, hedge ratio and forward examples.
5 min readExam StrategyHow Hard Is CFA Level I? Pass Rates and What Makes It Difficult
How hard CFA Level I really is, using CFA Institute's 2026 pass rates: why fewer than half pass, what makes it hard and how to tell if you're on track.
4 min readExam StrategyFRM Part I vs Part II: Topics, Format and How to Study Each (2026)
How FRM Part I and Part II differ: 2026 topic weights, exam format, pass rates and how to adjust your study from the toolkit exam to the applied one.
4 min readStudy GuidesThe 6 Hardest CFA Level I Topics (2026) and How to Fix Them
The CFA Level I topics that cost candidates the most points: official 2026 weights, a quick self-check for each and a five-week plan for November.
9 min readStudy GuidesHow to Build a CFA Study Schedule That Fits a Full-Time Job
Plan CFA study around work: how many hours you really need, how to split them by topic weight, a sample week, and what to do when you fall behind.
7 min readExam Strategy7 Study Mistakes That Make CFA Candidates Fail
The study habits that sink CFA candidates who worked hard anyway, from ignoring topic weights to reading instead of practising, and what to do instead.
5 min readCareer GuidanceCFA vs FRM: Which Should You Choose? Exams, Costs and Pass Rates (2026)
CFA or FRM? A side-by-side comparison using CFA Institute and GARP figures: what each covers, exam format, study time, 2026 fees and pass rates.
4 min readStudy GuidesHow to Study CFA Ethics: The Standards Without the Guesswork
CFA Ethics is 15 to 20% of Level I. How the seven Standards are tested, the traps in ethics questions and a study routine that works, with examples.
6 min readExam StrategyCFA Mock Exams: When to Start, How Many to Take and How to Review Them
When to start CFA mock exams, how many to sit, how to take them under real conditions and how to review them so each one raises your score.
5 min readPut the guide into practice.
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